Simulation Model for Calculating the Brightness Temperature of Downward Microwave Radiation

The influence of the atmosphere on the results of non-contact measurements must be taken into account in the radio range. This is especially important in radiometric remote sensing and passive radar systems, where the brightness temperature of the atmosphere introduces significant shifts in the estimates of the parameters and characteristics of the object under study. The atmosphere is a complex multilayer medium with seasonally variable parameters, which greatly complicates the assessment of its influence. Despite the many existing approaches to calculating the brightness temperature of downward microwave radiation, the most accurate is to use the recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union. High accuracy is achieved through periodic measurement and free access to components for estimating brightness temperature. The recommendations consist of a set of documents with cross-references and redundant tabular data from other estimates of atmospheric parameters. It is difficult for researchers without experience in radiometry to combine individual formulas and concepts for calculating the brightness temperature of downward microwave radiation into a single methodology, especially for young scientists. Taking into account the relevance and importance of the accuracy of atmospheric parameter measurements, a simulation model for calculating the brightness temperature of downward microwave radiation was developed. Its performance was also analyzed, and a comparative analysis of the speed of brightness temperature calculations by atmospheric layers was performed.