Blockchain-Enabled Drug Stock Management System: A Secure and Transparent Approach for Healthcare Supply Chains

Accurate and safe drug stock management is a critical component in clinic operations to ensure drug availability, prevent excess or shortage of stock, and avoid the distribution of expired or counterfeit drugs. However, manual recording systems still face significant challenges, such as vulnerability to transaction data manipulation, discrepancies between digital records and physical stock, and high operational costs. This research aims to design a web-based drug stock management application using a blockchain approach to enhance security, transparency, and cost efficiency. The Design Science Research (DSR) method is used to develop two separate services: first, a web-based drug stock management application with features such as drug transactions, stock tracking, Telegram notifications, and expiration alerts; and second, a service using a blockchain approach that adopts the concepts of hashing and an immutable ledger to secure transaction data without gas fees. The implementation using the Laravel framework and microservice architecture shows that this solution is capable of reducing the risk of manual errors, ensuring data privacy, and providing reliable audits. The results of the functional testing confirm that the system meets the clinic's needs in terms of stock accuracy, transaction security, and operational efficiency. This research contributes to the development of an affordable and scalable drug inventory management solution, particularly for clinics with limited resources. Blackbox testing on the Drug Stock Management Application shows that the system functions properly. Usability testing from the respondents' side resulted in an average SUS score of 74, reflecting a "good" level of system usability and user-friendliness.