Generation Z Student’s Acceptance of the Adoption of Virtual Reality in Sustainability for Learning Experience at University

Growing up in a digital world, Generation Z students have experienced a significant transformation in education due to rapid technological progress. Despite the recognized potential of VR in providing immersive learning experiences, its adoption in sustainability remains underexplored. This research aims to identify the elements that influence Generation Z students' acceptance of VR adoption for learning in sustainability at the university level. The functions of Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Social Influence, Price Value, Hedonic Motivation, and Habit are examined in this study using the UTAUT-2 framework. This research employed a quantitative methodology, gathering data from undergraduate students in Indonesia through an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms between December 2024 and January 2025. The purposive sampling method was used, targeting students who had prior experience with or were interested in VR technology. The acquired data was analyzed using the SmartPLS software version 4.1.0.9, which employs structural equation modeling with partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The investigation identified four approved and three rejected hypotheses, providing significant insights into the primary drivers and barriers driving Generation Z students' use of VR for sustainability reasons. These findings illustrate multiple aspects that encourage or discourage VR integration in this group of individuals, emphasizing the significance of the hypothesis testing phase.