DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR: PATOLOGIAS LIGADAS A DTM

ABSTRACT Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is a multifactorial condition that affects the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated structures, compromising essential functions such as chewing, swallowing, and phonation, in addition to negatively impacting patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to analyze TMD in its etiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and effective treatment. Predisposing, initiating, and perpetuating factors related to the development of the disorder were identified, including anatomical alterations, trauma, emotional stress, and parafunctional habits such as bruxism. The most common clinical manifestations include orofacial pain, limited mouth opening, joint noises, headaches, and otological symptoms, complicating differential diagnosis and favoring progression to degenerative conditions if left untreated. The research reinforces the importance of interdisciplinary work, involving dentists, physical therapists, psychologists, and speech therapists, in promoting more comprehensive and effective therapeutic strategies. The conclusion is that TMD should be understood as a systemic condition, with individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on scientific evidence to reduce complications and restore the quality of life of affected individuals. Keywords: Temporomandibular dysfunction. Orofacial pain. Occlusion. Interdisciplinary therapy. Quality of life.