Citizens' Right to Claim Compensation for Damages Resulting from Unlawful Government Actions (Onrechtmatige Overheidsdaad)

Protection of citizens' rights in Indonesia is regulated through various legal mechanisms, both at the national and international levels. At the national level, the Constitutional Court plays a crucial role in upholding and protecting citizens' constitutional rights. Through its decisions, the Constitutional Court can annul laws and regulations deemed to violate human rights. Furthermore, institutions such as the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) also function to monitor and report human rights violations. Internationally, Indonesia is bound by various conventions governing the protection of human rights, which provide a legal basis for citizens to seek redress if their rights are violated. For example, in the case of human rights violations in Aceh, several victims successfully obtained redress through existing legal mechanisms.