1D Silver Organochalcogenide Semiconductors: Color Tunable Luminescence, Polarized Emission, and Long-Range Exciton Diffusion

Metal organochalcogenides (MOCs) represent a promising class of organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors with unique light-matter interactions. Their hybrid nature enables extensive structural and optoelectronic tunability via ligand engineering. In this study, we systematically modulated the electronic properties of ligands using Cl and Me functional groups, achieving precise control over the optoelectronic properties of Ag-based MOCs. Structural analysis revealed that these MOCs adopt a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure with organic ligands surrounding a Ag-chalcogen core. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that MOCs exhibit characteristics of 1D semiconductors with strongly dispersive conduction and valence bands aligned along the crystal rod directions. Experimentally, the MOCs displayed bright luminescence, with peaks centered between 560 and 690 nm. The substitution of Cl with Me groups in the benzene ligands induced a red shift in both absorption and photoluminescence, corroborated by experimental and theoretical analyses. Further optical measurements indicated that the emission from the MOCs is strongly polarized along the chain directions. Notably, Se-based MOCs exhibited enhanced exciton diffusivity along the chain axis with a diffusion length of 130 nm, which is among the highest reported for covalent systems. The observed trend in carrier diffusivity among individual compounds is attributed to differences in the effective masses of the carriers, as determined by DFT calculations. Our findings offer valuable insights into the systematic structural and property tuning of hybrid semiconductors and highlight the unique characteristics of the 1D MOC family.