Comparison of artificial intelligence models and physicians in patient education for varicocele embolization: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

AI models, particularly Gemini, received higher ratings from expert evaluators compared to the comparator physician in patient education regarding varicocele embolization, excelling in both academic accuracy and empathetic communication style. These preliminary findings suggest that AI models hold significant potential to complement patient education systems in interventional radiology practice and provide compelling evidence for the development of hybrid patient education models.