Vote of No-Confidence in Pakistan: A Case of Benzir Bhutto, 1989 and Shawkat Aziz, 2006

A no-confidence motion is a key feature of Pakistan’s parliamentary system. Throughout Pakistan's history, this motion has been brought against three Prime Ministers: Benazir Bhutto in 1989, Shaukat Aziz in 2006, and Imran Khan in 2022. While it succeeded against Imran Khan, it failed against both Shaukat Aziz and Benazir Bhutto. This study utilizes both primary and secondary data to explore why the no-confidence motions against Benazir Bhutto and Shaukat Aziz failed. It also examines these governments' relationships with the Pakistani establishment, their foreign policies, the role of the opposition, and Pakistan's internal political situation during those periods.