Formulation and Characterization of Ketoconazole Transferosomal Gel for Effective Topical Fungal Treatment

study focuses on the formulation and characterization of a ketoconazole-loaded transferosomal gel for effective topical management of fungal infections. Transferosomes, ultra-deformable vesicular carriers, were employed to enhance drug penetration through the skin and improve therapeutic efficacy. Ketoconazole transferosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized based on vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, and deformability. The optimized formulation was incorporated into a Carbopol-based gel and evaluated for physicochemical properties including pH, spreadability, viscosity, and drug content. In vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation studies demonstrated sustained and enhanced release compared to conventional formulations. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans confirmed improved efficacy of the transferosomal gel. Stability studies revealed good formulation stability under refrigerated conditions. Overall, the developed ketoconazole transferosomal gel presents a promising alternative to conventional topical preparations, offering improved skin penetration, sustained release, and enhanced antifungal activity for effective topical fungal treatment.