Development of a single-sided fault localization method using travelling waves

The integration of renewable energy sources is increasing the complexity of transmission grids, exposing inadequacies in conventional protection and monitoring systems. Grid operators emphasize the need for innovative protection concepts to address these challenges. While two-sided fault location using travelling waves is already implemented, it incurs higher costs due to the need for two recorders per line and time synchronization equipment, such as GPS. This paper introduces a cost-effective method for single-sided fault location using travelling wave technology, requiring only one recorder. Compared to conventional methods, it enables faster detection of cross-country and evolving faults, regardless of the supply type. The approach analyses incoming travelling waves after detecting the primary wave, identifying fault locations using reflections from the fault site and remote stations. By combining various techniques, it ensures accurate fault detection. Case studies from real-world transmission networks demonstrate the method's functionality and accuracy, highlighting challenges and practical applications. These examples illustrate how the proposed method addresses the limitations of existing systems, offering a mor e efficient and reliable solution for modern transmission grids.