Semantic interoperability: a real challenge for international standardization

To navigate digital transformation, stakeholders require efficient machine-to-machine data exchange, both internally and externally. Standardized semantic domains are essential for this, placing significant demands on standardization development organizations (SDOs) to create, manage, and maintain them. While the Electrical Energy sector is among the most advanced in this area, SDOs still struggle to meet market demands, let alone for cross-domain needs. This paper explores key challenges and pragmatic solutions. First, better characterizing common artifacts and patterns across sectors can enhance efficiency. Second, leveraging System Committees (as defined in IEC) can improve cross-sector governance of semantic domains. Third, fostering best practice sharing between sectors and SDOs can accelerate progress. Finally, collaboration with Open Source leaders can drive innovation and adaptability. Addressing these challenges is crucial as market demand grows. Implementing solutions may not be as difficult as expected—provided SDOs move beyond historical and often rigid positions. Encouragingly, through their joint SMART program, IEC and ISO are transitioning to digital, inherently confronting semantic interoperability challenges within their own standardization processes. This shift may make them more receptive to the necessary changes.