Controllability, visibility, forecasting and modelling strategies to increase distributed energy resources integration in Ireland

The integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the distribution system is a critical step towards a sustainable energy future. However, the rapid proliferation of DERs creates significant challenges for system operators, primarily due to the lack of visibility which leads to suboptimal renewable energy management, as evidenced by Ireland’s 8.5% curtailment of wind energy in 2022, despite accounting for 86% of the countries renewable capacity. The rapid uptake of small-scale generation, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, has been a key area of focus within the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) ecosystem, with both having recently intensified efforts to address the challenges and assess the impacts of integrating decentralized solar PV into both transmission and distribution networks. In response, ESB Networks has initiated comprehensive research aimed at implementing advanced control measures, proposing network visibility enhancements, particularly at lower voltage levels, and improving the modelling of DERs in distribution networks, aiming to facilitate both steady-state and dynamic analysis, ensuring a more robust assessment of system performance under various conditions. By advancing these capabilities, the Irish network will be better equipped to manage potential emergency scenarios and anticipated challenges arising from the increased penetration of decentralized solar PV generation. This proactive approach will strengthen the network's resilience and operational reliability in the face of evolving energy demands by facilitating near real-time management of the power system and improved forecasting and modelling of the future power system and assist in reducing dispatch down of windfarms.