Dynamic line rating: benefits and challenges from global case studies

Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) technology enhances transmission and distribution systems' capacity and reliability by allowing for dynamic adjustments to line ratings based on conductor parameters and environmental conditions, both in real-time and forecast. This paper reviews global case studies highlighting DLR's benefits and challenges to utilities, examining its integration into Energy Management Systems (EMS) and market systems. Case studies cover both transmission and distribution, in North America, Asia and Europe, and various climatic conditions. The study focuses on DLR's reliability, deployment process, return on investment (ROI) factors, and cybersecurity aspects. The key consideration is that the rating is no longer static and requires a paradigm shift in operations and short-term planning studies. The utilization of the transmission capacity will become much higher. Results shows improved service continuity and reduced congestion. Typical capacity gains for Ambient Adjusted Ratings (AAR) are 5-10%, while DLR achieves 20-40% on average but accuracy in DLR implementation relies on precise weather data, reliable local sensor measurements, robust thermal models and well-trained machine-learning algorithms that correct weather provider data. These ensure that the system operates within safe limits while maximizing capacity. The paper concludes that while higher accuracy may entail greater investment, the long-term benefits in terms of operational efficiency and deferred capital expenditures justify the initial outlay.