5G communication infrastructure for PMU-based monitoring and control systems

Bidirectional energy flows, introduced by distributed energy resources, storage systems, and prosumer users, have transformed the distribution grid into a complex infrastructure. Consequently, the demand for real-time monitoring has increased, posing challenges in developing a scalable, reliable, and cost-effective measurement system. A critical factor is ensuring low-latency communication for timely monitoring and control, alongside optimizing the network for rapid data transmission. In this context, 5G technology significantly enhances smart grid monitoring and control applications by offering more reliable and low-latency communication. This paper outlines RSE's 5G-based monitoring and control experimental infrastructure, primarily deployed to support RSE’s Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility. The RSE’s 5G infrastructure is designed as a private local communication network, adhering to the 3GPP Release 16 standard. This paper presents a monitoring solution for RSE's Distributed Energy Resources Test Facility, with a focus on Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measurements. PMU data is collected by orchestrated Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) via the private 5G communication network. Preliminary experimental results from utilizing a 5G private network for PMU data transmission underscore both the benefit in terms of latency and the challenges associated with this communication technology.