Analysis and comparison of congestion management solutions of distribution grids

Congestion management (CM) in distribution grids presents a wide range of potential solutions. On the positive side, this diversity provides distribution system operators (DSOs) with freedom in addressing congestion issues. However, it also introduces challenges, as the relationships and trade-offs among these solutions are not always well understood. CM solutions can be broadly categorized into market-based approaches, such as local flexibility markets and bilateral flexible grid connection contract, and non-market-based approaches, namely grid reinforcement, grid tariffs, grid supporting service product, advanced monitoring and advanced grid management. From a DSO’s perspective, it is crucial to understand not only how these CM solutions function but also the specific features and characteristics of each one. This knowledge enables DSOs to make informed decisions, leveraging the strengths of each solution based on its unique capabilities and suitability. This paper aims to present the most used CM solutions and provide a qualitative comparison using key performance indicators (KPIs). The objective is to support DSOs in selecting the most appropriate CM solution for their specific needs and operational contexts.