Next generation gas-insulated switchgears with natural-origin gases for 40.5 kV level

The energy distribution market is transforming, emphasizing the need for sustainable and digital solutions with high reliability and availability. Medium-voltage (MV) switchgear, particularly at the 40.5kV primary distribution level, is pivotal to this transition. This paper examines the challenges and trends in developing SF6-free gas-insulated switchgear, focusing on natural-origin gases (NOG), digitalization, and sustainability. Primary distribution networks require GIS that handles high short-circuit currents (up to 40 kA) and rated currents (up to 3150 A) while meeting rigorous safety and reliability standards. Replacing SF6 with natural-origin gases offers an environmentally friendly solution but demands innovations to maintain compact designs and ensure compatibility with existing infrastructure. Advanced materials and robust designs are essential for achieving these goals. Digitalization is another key enabler, with technologies like Low Power Instrument Transformers (LPIT) and integrated sensors enhancing condition monitoring, accuracy, and system protection. These advancements improve reliability and operational efficiency. Sustainability efforts prioritize reducing CO2 footprints through green materials, improved recyclability, and efficient operation. Vacuum interrupter technology further supports environmental goals by lowering emissions. The paper also highlights life cycle analyses comparing traditional SF6 GIS and GIS with NOG of similar ratings, demonstrating significant environmental benefits. Research continues to refine compact, high-performance solutions tailored to primary distribution networks, particularly for applications like data centers and renewable energy systems. Proposed solutions address high current handling, reliability, and compact designs tailored to sectors like data centers and renewable energy. Ongoing R&D promises advanced GIS technologies aligned with market needs and global decarbonization goals.