Research Progress of Nanomaterials in Batter Thermal Management System

With social development, the process of electrification has accelerated accordingly. However, performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries caused by heat generation remains a major problem that needs to be overcome at present. Because lithium batteries perform best at room temperature on battery thermal-management systems, especially upgrades to interfacial thermal-conductive materials, concerns the batterys efficiency, lifespan, and even safety. This paper reviews heat-generation mechanisms and sorts out three categories of nano-upgraded interfacial thermal-conductive materials: metal-based, phase-change, and fluid-based. The literature indicates that using metal nanowires with special alignment within polymers can enhance interfacial thermal-conductive performance by roughly 100 times. Adding about 1% weight fraction graphene to the matrix can improve the efficiency of the heat-transfer network, while the sensible heat is slightly reduced at the same time. Adding magnetic FeO or CuO to a fluid to construct modules of alternating-magnetic-field nanofluids, forming dynamic heat-conduction chains, can significantly reduce battery-module temperatures. This paper focuses on a comprehensive analysis of four aspects of the experimental materials: thermal-conductivity efficiency, heat-buffering capacity, practicality, and manufacturability. It provides material-level design guidelines for battery cooling systems that are safer, longer-lived, and supportive of faster charging.