Research Progress on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely considered as one of the most effective strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing climate change. This article reviews the basic theories, mechanisms, and prospects of CCS technologies in the background of carbon neutrality. The article begins by outlining the natural and anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide and their roles in the carbon cycle. Mainstream capture methods are analyzed with their working principles, advantages and limitations, mainly including physical adsorption, chemical absorption, and membrane separation. Innovation of membrane brings better performance and efficiency. The geological and ocean storage options are discussed, focusing on the feasibility, safety, and long-term potential. It also summarizes the increasing importance of advanced materials. However, CCS still faces economic, technical, and social challenges, including high costs, infrastructure requirements, and public acceptance. The article concludes that continuous technological development, policy support, and international cooperation are key to the widespread implementation of CCS and its contribution to promote global sustainable development.