Review of the Structure and Modification Methods of Bismuth-based Photocatalysts

With the development of human society, water environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious. The presence of various pollutants such as antibiotics, dyes, and pesticides in these wastewaters has had serious negative impacts on the environment and human health. The problems caused by the excessive discharge of various antibiotics have gradually attracted attention. Photocatalysis, as a green, pollution-free, and sustainable treatment technology, has stood out among a number of advanced oxidation technologies. Among various photocatalysts, bismuth-based photocatalysts, as a new material, have attracted much attention and been widely studied due to their visible light response characteristics, unique layered structure, and adjustable electronic band structure. However, their practical applications are also limited by issues such as band gap and photogenerated carrier recombination rate. This article reviews the basic principles and technological developments of photocatalysis. Taking Bi2MoO6and BiOCl as examples, the principles of various modification methods for bismuth-based photocatalysts are discussed in detail, and the mechanisms by which different modification methods improve the photocatalytic effect are analyzed. This provides new ideas for the development of bismuth-based photocatalysts.