Performance Evaluation of Potential Shrubs for Beekeeping Development in Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Honey production relies heavily on the availability of diverse and consistent floral resources. This study assessed the performance of eight shrub species commonly found in the mid and lowland agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia to identify the most suitable ones for beekeeping. The selected species included <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i>, <i>Callistemon citrinus</i>, <i>Cajanus cajan</i>, <i>Dovyalis caffra</i>, <i>Sesbania sesban</i>, and <i>Dodonaea angustifolia</i>. Key parameters evaluated were the number of flower heads per plant, honeybee visitation rates, flowering period, and pollen production. Results revealed that <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i>, <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i>, <i>Vernonia amygdalina</i>, <i>Callistemon citrinus</i>, and <i>Dovyalis caffra</i> exhibited extended flowering durations ranging from two to three and a half years, with <i>Parkinsonia aculeata</i> displaying the highest flower head count. These species also bloomed predominantly during floral scarcity periods, offering critical support to bee colonies. Notably, <i>V. amygdalina</i> and <i>C. citrinus</i> were intensively foraged during late mornings, whereas <i>P. aculeata</i> attracted bees primarily in the afternoon. Given their high foraging intensity, extended bloom, and pollen yield, these species hold significant potential for apiculture development. Further research is recommended to assess their nectar quantity and quality, and their integration into watershed restoration initiatives.