Efficacy of Single-Dose Preoperative Dexamethasone in Managing Pain, Swelling, and Trismus After Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Clinical Study

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a single preoperative intramuscular injection of dexamethasone in reducing trismus, swelling, and pain following the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This research had 60 participants aged 18–30 years, all requiring bilateral extraction of mandibular third molars. A single-blind methodology was employed, assigning the right side as the test site to receive 4 mg of intramuscular dexamethasone, while the left side served as the control, receiving a placebo of sterile water. Assessments for pain, mouth opening, and swelling were conducted before the procedure and again on the 2 nd and 7 th postoperative days, utilizing the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), interincisal distance measurements, and specific facial landmarks for swelling evaluation. Results: The test site exhibited significantly lower pain scores compared to the control site on both the 2 nd and 7 th days. Mouth opening was significantly improved in the dexamethasone group, and facial swelling was significantly reduced by the 7 th day ( P < 0.05). No adverse reactions were reported. Conclusion: A single preoperative dose of dexamethasone effectively reduces postoperative trismus, swelling, and pain, enhancing recovery and patient satisfaction. Its use is recommended for third molar surgeries to manage postoperative sequelae.