Synergistic effects of sesame oil, extra virgin olive oil, psyllium extract, and dandelion extract on cholesterol gallstone dissolution: An in vitro comparative study against Rowachol®

Under short-term, controlled in vitro conditions, the SO+EVOO+PE + DE combination achieved a ~ 2.3-fold higher dissolution rate than Rowachol® at 144 h. These findings constitute mechanistic, hypothesis-generating evidence that clarifies how dissolution may be enhanced ex vivo. Confirmation in well-designed in-vivo models-followed by clinical studies to evaluate safety, dosing, and effectiveness-is required before any patient-care application.