Power Minimization Under Quality of Service Constraints for MIMO Systems With a RIS-Based Transmitter

This study investigates a virtual multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with PSK modulation, realized with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-based transmitter. The study focuses on minimizing transmit power under quality-of-service (QoS) constraints while addressing the associated computational complexity. A discrete phase-shift RIS model is considered, and the power minimization problem is formulated in two scenarios. First, for QPSK user data, the symbol-error probability (SEP) is adopted as the QoS criterion. Second, for general <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i>-PSK modulation, the union-bound SEP (UBSEP) is used to define the QoS constraints. Based on the considered formulations, a partial branch-and-bound (PBB) approach is developed, which improves on full branch-and-bound (FBB) methods in the sense of allowing for favorable complexity performance trade-offs. For the special case of high-resolution RIS, the discrete phase-shift set is approximated by its continuous counterpart, enabling the reformulation of the original problems as constrained optimizations on an oblique manifold, which are solved with reduced computational complexity with the proposed bisection method. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in minimizing the transmit power for different SEP requirements and showcase the balance between power efficiency and computational complexity.