Imaging the distribution and drainage of fluid in the human olfactory regions using intravenous Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) enhanced MRI
Intravenous-GBCA-enhanced-MRI can detect GBCA distribution in the CSF space of olfactory regions in healthy subjects. The GBCA-induced CSF signal changes in intracranial olfactory regions were substantially smaller compared to extracranial olfactory regions. GBCA concentration in the CSF of intracranial olfactory regions was comparable to other intracranial regions. The significant GBCA-induced signal changes in extracranial olfactory regions may largely originate from peripheral blood supply when using intravenous tracers, which reflects lymphatic fluid circulation in the extracranial lymphatic system, and are not directly related to CSF clearance from the brain. Therefore, when using intravenous tracer-based imaging methods, it is critical to separate intracranial and extracranial regions in the analysis due to their different vascular supply.
Authors
- Xinyi Yedda Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-4254)
- Linda Knutsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4263-113X)
- Adrian Paez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0225-4453)
- Arnold B. Bakker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-1847)
- Peter C.M. van Zijl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9706-1066)
- Haris I. Sair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-0471)
- Vidyulata Kamath (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-3597)
- Bryan K. Ward (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5201-6117)
- Yuanqi Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1939-1825)
- Jun Hua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-7380)
- Wei Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-1467)
- Yinghao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-9067)
- Sofía García del Barrio Cervera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6101-092X)
- Licia Pacheco-Luna
Institutions
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
- Published
- 2025-10-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-025-00710-4
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.91
Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering