A phenomenological study on the triggering factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in young adults

Self-injury is one of the most challenging behavioral disorders, imposing a significant burden on affected individuals. A combination of personal, communicative, and contextual factors influences individuals’ decisions to engage in this behavior. Addressing these individual factors is crucial for effective intervention. This study aimed to elucidate the factors that trigger Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) among young people. The research design employed a qualitative approach utilizing the phenomenological method. Participants included 21 individuals aged 17 to 29 who met the criteria for NSSI as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using the method developed by Corbin and Strauss (2015). The analysis was conducted solely based on the data and was facilitated by MAXQDA software. Analysis yeilded one main theme, termed “Triggers of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury,” along with three subthemes: “Questioning Self,” “Questioning Values,” and “Conductive Environment,” as well as six categories. The formation of this disorder involves numerous factors, all of which were comprehensively examined in this research. These findings not only lay the groundwork for future studies in this field but also provide valuable guidance for therapists working with individuals who engage in self-injury.