Choice of bacterial lysate in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections: A review

Respiratory tract (RT) infections are among the most common infections in both children and adults, and they can lead to complications involving the ears, nose, throat, and lower respiratory tract. Doctors, patients, and their legal representatives prioritize the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections. A broad range of therapeutic and preventative drugs is available, and many current clinical guidelines recommend the use of systemic bacterial lysates for patients with recurrent ENT infections and respiratory diseases, as well as for at-risk groups. The article addresses the types and mechanisms of action of the bacterial lysate produced using the mechanical lysis method, with an emphasis on its immunological and clinical benefits (Ismigen). Sublingual administration of this drug prevents its antigenicity decrease by gastric juice, provides the rapid onset of action and longer contact with the oral and oropharyngeal mucosal membranes. Studies have shown that the use of Ismigen leads to an increase in the concentration of specific antibodies targeting the pathogens it contains. Also, it significantly reduces both the frequency and duration of respiratory infections (RI) in both children and adults. The use of Ismigen to reduce the incidence of RI in children with recurrent RI, as well as in patients with adenoiditis, has been justified. Comparison of the composition of the microbiome of healthy children and children with acute tonsillopharyngitis supports using Ismigen for prophylaxis and as part of complex therapy (to normalize the oropharyngeal microflora), especially in patients with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis.