Outcomes of two-stage phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with coexisting cataract: a comparative study

Both sequential and combined surgical approaches are viable for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with concomitant cataract. These findings indicate that sequential surgery helps reduce early postoperative inflammatory reactions; however, no significant difference in long-term efficacy has been observed between the two surgical methods. Clinical decision-making should be personalized, taking into account the patient's specific condition and the surgeon's expertise.