Civilizational identity of Russia and culture. Part 2

This article is the second part of the publication: Хренов Н. А. Цивилизационная идентичность России и культура. Часть первая // Манускрипт. 2025. Т. 18. Вып. 3. This part continues the discussion on the need to substantiate a holistic view of collective identity. The subject of research in the article is the formation of Russia’s civilizational identity in history. To clarify different periods in the formation of identity in Russia, the author refers to L. Gumilev’s ethnological concept. According to the author, the most significant phase for the formation of identity in Russia was the akmatic phase, which is characterized by an extreme rise in passionary tension. One of the deepest ideas in the article is also the author’s argument for Russian civilization as a non-classical or transitional civilization, which allows for a more accurate understanding of the uniqueness of Russia as a specific civilization. Depending on the characteristics of the Russian type of civilization as non-classical and transitional, the definition of Russia’s collective identity also turns out to be an open process, which distinguishes it from other types of civilization.