Structural and semantic characteristics of lexemes in the core of linguistic consciousness based on the material of the associative dictionary of the Tatar language

The research aims to describe the structural and semantic heterogeneity of words included in the associative dictionary of the Tatar language. The article examines alliterating words, whose associations are determined by their belonging to one or another component of their structure, as well as homonymous and polysemous words, whose associations are determined depending on the perception of one or another seme dominating the meaning of the word. The research was carried out using the material of the Associative Dictionary of the Tatar Language. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the presence of alliterating and polysemous lexemes, as well as lexeme-homonyms, in the core of the national consciousness of native speakers of the Tatar language has been determined based on the frequency of associations and their hierarchy. In polysemous words, associations are differentiated according to the semantic principle, depending on what meaning was intended. To obtain correct associations for homonymous words, it is necessary to indicate in what meaning they act as stimulus words. As a result of the research, it was found that alliterating words constitute 6% (ир-ат / man, хатын-кыз / woman, ата-ана / parents) of the estimated core of 50 words, while homonymous words are not included in it, and polysemous words constitute 4% (ирек / freedom, йөз / face).