Holistic principle in ecophilosophy and bioethics: comparative and analytical aspect

The aim of the study is to identify the common foundations and distinctive features of the holistic principle in ecophilosophy and bioethics, demonstrating their role as a conceptual basis for the ethics of survival and sustainable development in the context of the global challenges of the 21st century. The article analyzes the holistic approach as a methodological and worldview foundation of contemporary ecophilosophy and bioethics. Special attention is given to the connection of holism with the concepts of integrity, systemicity, and the interdependence of humans, nature, and culture. It is shown that holism in bioethics makes it possible to go beyond the individualistic understanding of medical morality and to expand the scope of bioethical analysis to the level of the biosphere and planetary responsibility. The article examines examples of philosophical interpretations and practical applications of holism in ecological and medical contexts. The scientific novelty lies in demonstrating how holism simultaneously functions as an ontological basis for ecophilosophy and as a normative framework for global bioethics, bridging natural sciences, medicine, and the humanities. The findings show that ecophilosophical holism highlights the ontological unity of nature and the interconnectedness of the biosphere and noosphere, while bioethical holism emphasizes the normative integration of medical, social, and ecological values, extending ethical reflection beyond individual medical practice to global contexts. Despite their differences, both approaches converge in rejecting reductionism and fostering a paradigm of holistic thinking, which provides a conceptual foundation for sustainable development and positions bioethics as an “ethics of survival” for the 21st century.