Design and application of MDSSP using the MLL3 distribution for pandemic mortality data

This paper presents a newly developed Multiple Dependent State Sample Plan (MDSSP) based on the Modified Log-Logistic Type III (MLL3) distribution, designed for use in truncated life testing scenarios. The plan is constructed to satisfy both producers’ and consumers’ risk limits while minimizing the Average Sample Number (ASN), thereby improving sampling efficiency. Closed-form expressions for the Operating Characteristic (OC) function and ASN are derived, and corresponding decision tables are generated for various shape parameter values and termination times. A comparative evaluation against standard Single Sampling Plans (SSPs) reveals that the proposed MDSSP offers greater flexibility and lower sampling costs. A real-life dataset of COVID-19 mortality cases is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the model. This makes it a valuable tool to be used for quality assurance and reliability purposes in modern industrial and public health settings.