Linear association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and the prevalence of sarcopenia in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

A new way to measure the capability of food to inhibit oxidation is the “composite dietary antioxidant index” (CDAI), which helps determine whether sarcopenia progresses because of oxidative stress. Using “National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey” (NHANES) data from 2001 to 2018, this study aimed to explore whether a relationship exists between the CDAI and the development of sarcopenia among individuals who have been confirmed to have “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease” (MASLD). The present work functioned as a countrywide representative demographic-based transverse analysis, which included eligible adult MASLD participants from NHANES 2001–2018 and omitted individuals with incomplete data on the CDAI, sarcopenia, and covariates. Multifactorial logistical regression evaluations, constrained cubic spline evaluations, categorized evaluations, and robustness assessments were employed to thoroughly investigate the relationship between the CDAI and sarcopenia in MASLD patients. The analysis included a total of 5574 participants who were confirmed to have MASLD. According to the comprehensively adjusted model, the occurrence of sarcopenia among people with MASLD was significantly inversely related to the CDAI (odds ratio 0.946, 95% confidence interval 0.922–0.972, P < 0.0001). In contrast to CDAIs in the lower quartile (Q1), CDAIs in the upper quartile (Q4) were related to a 41.3% reduction in the prevalence of sarcopenia (P for trend < 0.0001). Fewer cases of sarcopenia were linked to increased intake of carotenoid compounds, zinc minerals, selenium minerals, and nutritional vitamins A and E (P for trend < 0.05). A direct dose-dependent correlation was noted for the connection between the CDAI and sarcopenia prevalence, alongside a nonlinear association for the ingestion of vitamins A and E and zinc. Adherence to CDAI-assessed antioxidant dietary patterns may help prevent sarcopenia in the MASLD population.