A Spatiotemporal Framework for Underwater Noise Modelling

Underwater noise pollution by shipping activities is widely recognised as a significant threat to marine life.The noise emitted by vessels can have various detrimental effects on fish and marine ecosystems.Therefore, accurately estimating and analysing vesselgenerated underwater noise is a critical challenge for the protection and conservation of marine environments.For this reason, we developed a model for the spatiotemporal characterisation of underwater noise produced by vessels.In addition, we optimised this model to improve its computational performance, enabling more efficient analyses without compromising the accuracy of the results.Our approach offers a scalable and reliable solution for processing large datasets, supporting robust assessments of underwater noise in complex maritime scenarios.