Microcirculatory disturbances in type 2 diabetes: early detection using laser doppler flowmetry for personalized care

LDF proved to be an effective tool for the early detection of subclinical microvascular changes in patients with T2DM. These findings support the incorporation of LDF into clinical protocols for individualized risk stratification, early intervention, and treatment monitoring. Further longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate its role in precision diabetology.