Perceptions, practices, and barriers in surgical informed consent: A cross-sectional study from Sudan

Despite high reported satisfaction, substantial deficiencies exist in patients' comprehension and autonomy in the informed consent process in Sudan. Gender disparities, literacy limitations, and systemic reliance on junior staff compromise the ethical validity of consent. Interventions tailored to cultural and educational contexts-such as provider training, simplified materials, and patient-centered communication-are urgently needed to enhance informed surgical decision-making in low-resource environments.