Hidden pitfalls: Understanding errors and complications in periodontal and implant therapy (Review)

Periodontal and implant therapies have undergone notable advancements in recent years, equipping clinicians with a diverse array of techniques and biomaterials to address both functional and aesthetic oral conditions. However, these advancements involve a spectrum of potential complications and errors that can affect treatment efficacy, patient satisfaction and long‑term outcomes. Complications can occur at any stage, from initial diagnosis and treatment planning to the intraoperative and post‑operative phases, due to factors such as inadequate case selection, anatomical challenges, procedural errors, or poor maintenance. The present narrative review provides a comprehensive and structured overview of the errors and complications associated with various aspects of periodontal and implant therapy. By understanding these issues, clinicians can better understand and prevent adverse outcomes, optimize patient care, and enhance the overall quality of periodontal and implant treatments.