FESTIMA and the Sacred Mask Traditions: Transforming Intangible Cultural Heritage into Sustainable Tourism in West Africa

This article examines FESTIMA, the International Festival of Masks and Arts of D?dougou, as a model of sustainable tourism built upon sacred intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Drawing on sixteen editions of the festival, the study explores how ASAMA, the Association for the Safeguarding of Masks, successfully drew on deeply spiritual and esoteric traditions to create viable, community-centered tourism experiences. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the article analyzes the spiritual functions of African masks, FESTIMA?s governance and sustainability mechanisms, and the socio-economic impacts on local communities. The findings highlight FESTIMA's role in balancing cultural authenticity with economic opportunity, and safeguarding heritage through participatory governance and intergenerational transmission.