COMPARATIVE ALALYSIS OF THE STRATEGIES OF THE UNITED STATES, CHINA, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IT SECTOR FOR THE TRANSITION TO THE SIXTH TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGM

The article examines the transformative role of information technologies (IT) in accelerating the transition to the sixth technological paradigm, which is emerging based on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and big data analytics. Through a comparative analysis of strategies implemented by the United States (US), China, and the European Union (EU), the study identifies key institutional mechanisms that facilitate the alignment of technological innovations with institutional reforms. Particular attention is given to how public-private partnerships (PPP), the localization of microelectronics production, and investments in research and development (R&D) contribute to successful adaptation to the new paradigm. The analysis demonstrates that PPP, targeted investments in microelectronics, and support for innovative ecosystems create favorable conditions for adapting to new technological trajectories. Furthermore, it emphasizes that strategic programs and institutional flexibility determine the ability of national economies to maintain competitiveness amid accelerating changes. The proposed model illustrates how the co-evolution of technologies and institutions not only ensures the effective implementation of innovations but also lays the foundation for long-term sustainable growth. A comparative analysis of the trajectories of the US, China, and the EU reveals common patterns of successful technological transition, alongside national specificities reflecting socio-economic contexts. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interdependence between institutional transformations and innovation policy, offering insights into enhancing the effectiveness of adaptation strategies within the global economy.