Optimizing grid stability: how electric vehicle integration can address challenges from rapid prosumer system deployment

This paper analyses the integration of prosumers and electric vehicles (EVs) into an industrial zone’s distribution grid. The impact of prosumers was assessed first, followed by the combined effect of photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) and EV integration. Four scenarios were examined with increasing levels of PVPP and EV penetration. In Scenario 1 (25% PVPPs, 20% EVs), integrating 20% of EVs reduced annual reverse power flows by 43.75% and peak reverse power flow by 29.82%. Scenario 2 (50% PVPPs, 40% EVs) led to a 36.8% reduction in annual reverse power flows and a 25.46% mitigation of peak reverse power flow. Scenario 3 (75% PVPPs, 60% EVs) achieved a 36% reduction in annual reverse power flows and a 36.87% decrease in peak reverse power flow. Finally, Scenario 4 (100% PVPPs, 80% EVs) resulted in a 36.04% reduction in annual reverse power flows and a 23.01% decrease in peak reverse power flow. These findings highlight how as flexible energy consumers, EVs play a crucial role in addressing grid challenges like reverse power flows and energy losses, enhancing efficiency as prosumer systems are rapidly deployed. EV integration is vital for achieving grid balance and supporting Bosnia and Herzegovina’s energy and climate goals.