Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of the Craniofacial Region: A Diagnostically Challenging Case Report

Cellular fibrous connective tissue, which eventually mineralizes, replaces normal bone in a class of illnesses known as benign fibro-osseous lesions. Fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, and osseous dysplasia are the three most common forms of benign fibro-osseous lesions. Because of their overlapping clinical, radiological, and histological features, many disorders can be challenging to diagnose. Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is considered a central neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that differentiates into bone and the periodontium. This has also sparked significant debate over its terminology and diagnostic criteria. In the case described, the patient presented with a painless, expansile swelling in the right mandible, which, following histopathological confirmation of COF, was surgically removed. This approach aligns with evidence indicating that total excision is the gold standard treatment for optimal outcomes.