Grid-oriented control of flexibilities in the low-voltage grid in Hungary, Germany, Sweden and the EU

Growing numbers of electrified appliances such as electric vehicles and photovoltaic systems in the low-voltage grids in Hungary, Germany and Sweden lead to grid expansion and the need for intelligent solutions. The regulatory and technical framework for the flexibility management differs from country to country. The new Network Code on Demand Response will set a common European framework for how market-based flexibility solutions can be designed and used across the European Union. However, despite the dedicated need for flexibility services, a wide-ranged control in the low-voltage level, as well as the observability, is still missing. This article summarizes and compares the actual frameworks of Hungary, Germany, and Sweden, as well as EU frameworks, to control flexibilities and shows the actual situation with real measurement data. The development of flexibility solutions lead to an expanded toolbox to focus on the Green Deal targets.