Industry 4.0 in Portugal: validation of a readiness assessment model through an empirical approach

Purpose Industry 4.0 requires businesses to adapt strategically and continuously assess their readiness. However, many manufacturing companies struggle to evaluate and implement Industry 4.0 due to the lack of clear assessment frameworks. This study addresses this gap by applying a structured maturity model to assess Industry 4.0 readiness in Portuguese companies. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Shift2Future model, an adaptation of the IMPULS model designed for Portuguese companies. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and empirical research validated the model. The internal consistency of responses, measured by Cronbach’s alpha (0.9040), confirmed its reliability. Findings The results highlight the importance of structured assessments in guiding digital transformation. The Shift2Future model helps companies understand their current Industry 4.0 readiness and plan their transition. The study also shows that success requires more than just investing in technology; it demands a holistic approach, including strategy and workforce skills. Practical implications This research provides a practical tool for companies to assess their Industry 4.0 readiness and identify areas for improvement. It can also help policymakers and business leaders develop strategies to support digital transformation. Originality/value This study fills a gap in the literature by offering a structured, validated model tailored to the Portuguese industrial context. The Shift2Future model provides a reliable framework for evaluating Industry 4.0 readiness and can be adapted to other regions facing similar challenges.