Advancing typhoid conjugate vaccine implementation in Asia: Regional policy priorities
Typhoid fever, a type of enteric fever transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with Salmonella enterica subspecies Typhi, continues to cause illness in Asia. Since the World Health Organization recommended use of typhoid conjugate vaccines in 2018, several countries have introduced or begun the decision-making process to use the vaccine in campaigns or by introduction into the routine immunization schedule. This paper describes the disease burden and vaccine implementation policy setting in the region, based on presentations and discussions at the second Asia Regional Meeting on Typhoid & TCV. Moving forward, typhoid control efforts must prioritize 1) working across health and finance ministries to finance vaccination programs, 2) strengthening surveillance to better understand disease burden, drug resistance trends, and vaccine impact, 3) developing improved diagnostic tests, 4) stewarding antimicrobial use to slow the spread of drug resistance, and 5) evaluating the durability of TCV protection.
Authors
- Jacob John
- Jayaprakasam Madhumathi
- Teuila Pati
- Senjuti Saha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-6766)
- Matthew B. Laurens (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-581X)
- Anna A. Minta
- Diana Mahat
- Abhiyan Gautam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-1065)
- Denise O. Garrett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-3459)
- Ismoedijanto Moedjito
- Kongxay Phounphenghack
- A. Duncan Steele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-037X)
- Alice Carter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-232X)
- Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9452-0021)
- Nivedita Gupta
- Leyanna Susan George
- Anuradha Gupta
- Soe Lwin Nyein
- Maria Fe Viviane S Sespeñe
- Litiana Volavola
Institutions
- Ministry of Health (MY)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Department of Health (PH)
- Christian Medical College, Vellore (IN)
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (US)
- Indian Council of Medical Research (IN)
- Ministry of Health and Population (NP)
- National Brain Centre (ID)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (UG)
- National Institute Of Hygiene And Epidemiology (VN)
- Ministry of Health and Sports (MM)
- ID Genomics (United States) (US)
- Ministry Of Health (FJ)
- Child Health Research Foundation (BD)
- Sabin Vaccine Institute (US)
- National University of Laos (LA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Vaccine
- Published
- 2025-10-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127848
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.32