Collective Management Reform: A Long Road to LMK Transparency and Accountability

This article targets legal scholars, copyright regulators, and stakeholders in the creative economy by critically analyzing Indonesia's collective rights management system, specifically the operational framework of Collective Management Organizations (LMK) as established by Law No. 28/2014 and Government Regulation No. 56/2021. The paper examines the normative deficiencies and governance inefficiencies in royalty administration, posing the legal inquiry: To what degree can Indonesia's copyright system guarantee transparency, equity, and accountability in the distribution of royalties to creators? This book demonstrates, through normative legal methodologies and comparative analysis with Japan's JASRAC model, that the lack of participatory mechanisms, unclear royalty tariff-setting, and inadequate technological infrastructure have undermined the LMK's legitimacy and its function of distributive justice. This research offers novel insights by advocating for legal reforms that incorporate public input, graduated royalty structures, and blockchain-enabled tracking. It connects formal copyright law with practical creative work, enhancing discussions on procedural fairness, regulatory involvement, and fair digital governance in copyright administration.