Biodiversity and Economic-Ecological Assessment of Organic and Conventional Agriculture Based on the Lotka-Volterra Model

In this era, the pace of global agricultural intensification is accelerating. Under such circumstances, although traditional agricultural practices have increased crop yields, they have also brought about some major problems, such as the reduction of biodiversity and the deterioration of ecosystems. Now, for agriculture to achieve sustainable development, it is facing a significant challenge. The significant challenge is how to ensure profitability while simultaneously achieving effective ecological protection. To solve this problem, this paper conducts a study, adopts the extended Lotka-Volterra dynamic model, and combines the Shannon Diversity Index to construct a coupled analysis framework. This framework can capture the interactions among different species such as crops, weeds, trees, pests, and birds. At the same time, economic value and ecological value can also be evaluated. Subsequently, this paper simulated and compared the long-term dynamic changes of the traditional agricultural system and the organic agricultural system under different management systems. The results show that organic agriculture has significantly improved the diversity of species in the ecosystem. After approximately 15 years, organic agriculture surpassed traditional agriculture in both economic and ecological benefits. From these results, it can be seen that organic agriculture not only promotes the joint development of economic and ecological achievements, but also provides a better approach for sustainable agricultural management.