Classification, Characteristics and Biological Applications of Inorganic Nanomaterials

The application of inorganic nanomaterials in disease has attracted increasing attention, particularly in the areas of bioimaging, antibacteria and disease treatment. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as good biocompatibility, adjustable surface characteristics and excellent stability, inorganic materials have become an important component in drug delivery systems and nanomedicine. Common inorganic materials serve not only to effectively deliver drugs and facilitate controlled release within the body, but also to enhance their biological effects through specific functionalization strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in the field of inorganic nanomaterials. The categorization and properties of inorganic nanomaterials are presented to elucidate potential structure-function relationships. Additionally, the engineering of inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications is comprehensively summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future directions are discussed and projected to foster technological advancements in the efficient treatment of diseases.