Exploring the Refugee Status of Koryo-saram from the Perspective of Multicultural Education: Applying the Cartagena Declaration Refugee Definition

This study argues for the restoration of Koryo-saram nationality. The Cartagena declaration's comprehensive definition of refugee fully explains the current forced migration of Koryo-saram forefather. This study aims to elucidate the gradual and structural displacement of Koryo-saram due to external factors, applying the Cartagena declaration's definition of refugee to historical events. By advocating for the restoration of the Koryo-saram nationality, this study aims to suggest a uniquely Korean approach to overcoming deepening multicultural phenomenon and to achieve multicultural values ​​and the eventual goal of multicultural integration. The study analyzes the historical background of Koryo-saram's forced migration, categorizing the specific circumstances of refugee occurrences as defined by the Cartagena declaration's definition of refugee. The analysis reveals that Koryo-saram are refugees due to structural problems in the state and society. This is not a historical phenomenon, as Koryo-saram still exist as stateless individuals. Accordingly, the realization of the argument of this study will lead to education that broadens the scope of awareness and understanding of the internationalization of Korean multicultural society and refugee issues, which will contribute to the improvement of global citizenship awareness and international status, and through this, the development of multicultural education is also expected.