A Meta-Analysis of Career and Vocational Programs for Multicultural Adolescents in Korea

This study examined the effectiveness of career and vocational intervention programs for multicultural adolescents in South Korea using a meta-analysis of 15 domestic studies published between 2010 and April 2025. Using 111 effect sizes and a random effects model, the overall mean effect size was 0.932, indicating a moderate to large positive effect. Effectiveness was higher for those with immigrant backgrounds, upper elementary students, programs with over 10 sessions, session lengths of 81–110 minutes, large group formats, and school-based settings. Teacher-led programs and those with reported fidelity also showed stronger effects. Counseling-based interventions had the highest impact, and career awareness and career maturity showed the strongest effects, while career decision-making, adaptability, and exploration outcomes were not statistically significant. This study provides empirical support for the importance and effectiveness of career education programs for multicultural youth in Korea, offering practical implications for future program developments and implementation.