All-Sky Search for Individual Primordial Black Hole Bursts with LHAASO

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes with a wide range of masses that formed in the early Universe. As a result, they may play an important cosmological role and provide a unique probe of the early Universe. A PBH with an initial mass of approximately 10^{15} g is expected to explode today in a final burst of Hawking radiation. In this Letter, we conduct an all-sky search for individual PBH burst events using the data collected from March 2021 to July 2024 by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Three PBH burst durations, 10, 20, and 100 s, are searched in the gamma-ray energy range from about 1 to 15 TeV, with no significant PBH bursts observed. The upper limit on the local PBH burst rate density is set to be as low as 181 pc^{-3} yr^{-1} at 99% confidence level, representing the most stringent limit achieved to date.

Authors

O. Shchegolev (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-1415)
J. H. Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7477-6539)
Ruizhi Yang
Z. X. Wang
Chufan Cai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-0820)
Ying Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3856-7021)
Hui Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6345-6633)
C. Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-3200)
G.H Chen
C Zhang
W.L Li
Kechen Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-1521)
Z. G. Yao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9371-3266)
M. Zha
Xinqiao Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-9493)
Yihua He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-0503)
H.K Lv (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7091-6270)
Kenny C. Y. Ng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-2170)
Bing Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-5576)
Meng Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5187-9084)
Yemiao Xing
Xiaofei Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-1365)
Hao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-0243)
Ali Raza
Ping Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4394-2677)
J. R. Mao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5263-8871)
Y. W. Bao
Hao Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-8847)
Quantian Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-9290)
Qinqin Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-6147)
Yuying Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-198X)
M. M. Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5729-3448)
A. Neronov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-368X)
D. Kuleshov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-3029)
Chaoran Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-2819)
L. Y. Wang
Li‐Sheng Geng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-0704)
E. W. Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2239-3625)
Jiansong Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6998-5384)
Jinfeng Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6689-915X)
Shengbiao Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-6366)
M. Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0651-2514)
Z. B. Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3126-0352)
Y.X Diao
Hua Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-7326)
Yingying Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9100-0537)
V. I. Stepanov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8095-3711)
Maxwell Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-4388)
Tao Wen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-3139)
D. Semikoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6417-1560)
X. Y. Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3160-1487)
Guomin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-2427)
X. B. Chen
Ming Jin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-8948)
E. S. Chen
Hengying Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2585-7652)
Cong Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4333-4786)
Ya-Ching Shen
Z. Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-6130)
X. H. Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-0977)
Michael Y. Ni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-5858)
Jianxin Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9148-7250)
Weixin Bian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-5359)
J.L Zhang
Y. L. Xin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9728-9020)
Jian‐Jang Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-2177)
Qing Hong Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-6175)
Tianhong Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-3926)
Guobin Mou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-7944)
Shangrong Lin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-2184)
Hancheng Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-1494)
Yidong Lou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-5677)
Liang Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-134X)
D. Bastieri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-8862)
J. Takata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8731-0129)
W. Mitthumsiri
Hui Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9460-9436)
B. T. Zhang
Yan Luo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9849-0516)
Fulai Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-8899)
Hongbing Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-2573)
Q. N. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-6058)
Bo Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-3725)
Liang Xue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3606-4615)
Yu. V. Stenkin
H. Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7394-9484)
Shoujun Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4354-4166)
M. M. Ge
Rui Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3342-1621)
F. Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-5188)
H.Y Jia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-5777)
D. Liu
H. Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-3476)
Jingchuan Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-2592)
M. C. Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-0403)
Fengchun Shu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-6659)
F Zhang
Cheng‐Yu Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-4032)
Fang Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7643)
Lijun Ou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-9080)
D. Ruffolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3414-9666)
Jun-Jie Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0162-2488)
Tingting Ge
L. H. Wan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1601-8895)
J. J. Qin
W. X. Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-7282)
Gwenael Giacinti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-5738)
W. J. Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-3942)
Jie Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-9387)
Jianglai Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-3157)
H.M Zhang
S. M. Liu
X. G. Wang
Yunping Han (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1523-276X)
B.Q Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6727-0011)
X.P Zhang
T.L Chen
Q. B. Gou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-0990)
X. N. Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6179-3556)
Yougang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-568X)
Xiaobing Zuo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-4804)
A. M. Chen
Cunzhu Tong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-1358)
Zi-Gao Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-8585)
Na Cheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-3772)
A. Sáiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-4341)
F. Aharonian
Kai Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-7092)
X.R. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7528-6240)
K. Jia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7694-6291)
K. Kurinov
L. Shao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-2357)
M.L Chen
H. X. Chen
L. P. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3206-7874)
O. A. Hannuksela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-7137)
Zhihong Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-5099)
J. F. Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-3214)
Yang Su (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-0524)
B. B. Li
Xue-Feng Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-1263)
Sina Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1586-3653)
Chen Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-3654)
S. Hernández-Cadena
D. X. Xiao
S.Z. Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4481-6233)
C Liu
S. D. Li
Y. Z. Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9039-719X)
K. K. Duan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9670-9747)
H. D. Liu
Liang Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7438-8035)
A.V Bukevich
Xiaohua Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1331-6253)
Fei Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-7576)
Xin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2502-2840)
Lie‐Liang Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9327)
Yi‐Ming Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7593-3065)
Bo Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1063-2493)
Long Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-266X)
Chen Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-4763)
Rong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2484-5080)
Cheng Li
Zhe Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-9642)
Xiaofeng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-022X)
Qin Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-9195)
Peng Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-1389)
Xiaohong Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-8384)
Huimin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-5641)
Zheng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-0652)
Dong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-832X)
Yulin Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-5594)
Yong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-0458)
Liang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-3089)
Jihong Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8685-3036)
Li Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-7837)
Rui Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-1628)
Wenxin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-0611)
Zhuo Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0198-2304)
Jie Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-5892)
Hui Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5037-7995)
Y. Wei
Xiaoling Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-1347)
Rui Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-1003)
Yijun Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-7509)
Jian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3703-7259)
Bin‐Bin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4111-5958)
Rong Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8469-1464)
Wei Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5064-0917)
Xingjun Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4833-4339)
Yue Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3913-9400)
Fang Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2024-2424)
Z. H. Zhao
Chongyang Ren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-5420)
Feng Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-2550)
Gang Xiao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-6790)
Baohua Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-8503)
Yanjun Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8876-3755)
Hui‐Yi Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9006-3616)
Wei Zeng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9502-4344)
R. L. Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-0030)
Jingzhi Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-0480)
Zhu Shi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-3271)
Y. L. Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7230-3199)
Xiaoxin Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1058-6418)
Xin Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-9621)
Liang Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3922-3454)
Z. J. Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-5007)
J. Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-6298)
X. T. Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-1967)
Xuezhi He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-9820)
Weiwei Cao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-9933)
X.D Sheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2375-2327)
Demin Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3012-8497)
Danfeng Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-1169)
Jiaren Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-4491)
L. Q. Yin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5826-7443)
Linlin Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-4937)
X.A Ye
M Hasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8037-4027)
X. Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-353X)
Z. Xiong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-2617)
H. J. Mu
Xiaohong Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-4800)
H. C. Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2543-8568)
K. J. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3135-2283)
Jiang Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7901-5327)
Chang Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-068X)
Liping Nie (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-7736)
Wei Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-0446)
Han Yue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-9065)
M. J. Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1602-1461)
Zhichao Pei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-8417)
Yi-Yen Wu
W. L. Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1492-4917)
S. P. Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2030-322X)
R. X. Xu
Qinmu Wu
Xuyang Zhou
Y.D Wang
D.L Xu
Zhe Cao
P.P Zhang
C. Y. Wu
W. K. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0444-2010)
X. W. Jiang
K. Jiang
F. R. Zhu
I. Karpikov
P. H. T. Tam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-7375)
Kai Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3901-2998)
Yanni Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-2524)
M. H. Gu
H. L. Dai
D. Khangulyan
W. W. Tian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-8540)
Z. Min
S.S Zhang
X. J. Bi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-7297)
Yang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5830-9306)
Z.H. Wang
W.Y Zhang
M.Y. Liu
Y. J. Bi
Y. D. Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9685-3435)
S Kaci
G. M. Xiang
G. H. Gong
S. H. Chen
Z. P. Zhang
H. B. Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-0302)
Danzengluobu
B. Z. Dai
S. C. Hu
T. Q. Huang
M.J Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7038-4771)
D. H. Yan
Y. C. Zou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8007-0336)
Jiayu He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6419-0690)
S. Gabici
Q.W Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4988-8499)
H. B. Li
B. W. Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0782-6667)
K Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3391-4917)
Chuyue Gao
L.L. Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9717-1508)
Z. B. Sun
P. Pattarakijwanich
T.Y Li
X. Q. Dong
H. H. He (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-3915)
W. J. Zhong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-6718)
S.S Weng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9705-8333)
X. H. You (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3704-4124)
Jincheng Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-9731)
X. T. Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5265-881X)
R.F Xu
Y. X. Bai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4614-3952)
S. Q. Xi
T. X. Zeng
S.R Zhang
D.H Huang
S. W. Cui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9929-236X)
N. Yin
Junji Xia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1269-891X)
H. N. He
X. L. Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3634-217X)
D.R Xiong
Y.D Cheng
Z. Y. You (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8645-0899)
D. M. Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1421-1822)
X. L. Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1541-4001)
Yi Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-4724)
C. G. Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4924-5304)
N.H Tabasam

Institutions

University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
Tibet University (CN)
Nanchang University (CN)
Guangxi University (CN)
Nanjing Normal University (CN)
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (RU)
Shandong University (CN)
Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
Hangzhou Normal University (CN)
Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
Yunnan University (CN)
Yerevan State University (AM)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Peking University (CN)
Université Paris Cité (FR)
Sichuan University (CN)
Mahidol University (TH)
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (CN)
Yunnan Observatories (CN)
Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (FR)
Purple Mountain Observatory (CN)
Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology (CN)
Guangzhou University (CN)
Zhengzhou University (CN)
Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences (CN)
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (CN)
National Space Science Center (CN)
Zhejiang Lab (CN)
Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (DE)
National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (CN)
Southwest Jiaotong University (CN)
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CN)
Universidad del Noreste (MX)
Nanjing University (CN)
Northeastern University (CN)
Hebei Normal University (CN)
Tsinghua University (CN)

Publication Details

Journal: Physical Review Letters
Published: 2025-10-15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nkby-9cs3
Citations: 1
Primary Topic: Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 1.15

All-Sky Search for Individual Primordial Black Hole Bursts with LHAASO

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

All-Sky Search for Individual Primordial Black Hole Bursts with LHAASO

All-Sky Search for Individual Primordial Black Hole Bursts with LHAASO

Abstract

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