Impact of traditional traffic control devices on wrong-way driving incidents at interchange off-ramps

Wrong-Way Driving (WWD) poses a significant threat to road safety, as drivers travel in the opposite direction of legal traffic flow, often resulting in severe injuries and fatalities. This study evaluated and summarized traditional low-cost countermeasures to prevent WWD incidents. Data from 406 WWD incidents were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of various countermeasures. The results revealed that the average WWD distance can be reduced by implementing more supplemental Wrong-Way (WW) signs on off-ramps, highlighting the importance of additional visual cues. At least two sets of Traffic Control Devices (TCDs) were found to be necessary to achieve optimal performance in reducing WWD distance and also accommodating 97 % of self-corrected turnaround events. Moreover, the study emphasized the significance of TCD placement, as the average WWD distance increased when TCDs were located farther from off-ramp terminals. Every 10 ft increase in the distance of 1st TCD is expected to increase WWD distance by 3.4 ft. Based on the findings, it is recommended to place the first set of WW-related TCDs within 75 ft of the stop line to enhance their early warning capabilities. The second set of TCDs should be placed 50 ft from the first set, and a gap of 150 ft should be maintained between the second and third sets of TCDs. Additionally, the installation of supplemental WW-related TCDs at high-risk locations was advocated to effectively target areas prone to WWD incidents. By strategically deploying these countermeasures, transportation agencies can take substantial steps toward enhancing roadway safety and reducing the occurrence of WWD. • Wrong-Way Driving distance is significantly influenced by the number of available countermeasures and their locations. • At least two sets of low-cost countermeasures should be used at interchange off-ramps. • The 1st set of wrong-way sign/arrow should be provided no farther than 75 ft from the entrance. • A gap of 50 ft to 150 ft should be maintained between subsequent sets of countermeasures.